Refractory materials for ingot casting
Ladle
Ladle is a major user of refractory materials. Ladle refractory materials are affected by the following destructive factors.
Conditions of Use
(1) At a temperature of 1530~1700℃, it is subjected to thermal and chemical effects of molten steel and slag.
(2) When the steel bag is full and empty, it is heated and cooled rapidly, with a temperature difference of 800~1350℃.
(3) When loading, it is subjected to mechanical impact and abrasion from the general molten metal and slag flow.
(4) The hydrodynamic effects of molten steel and slag.
The damage of ladle lining is determined by the period of pouring molten steel, the time and amount of molten steel entering the ladle, the slag composition and the thickness of the slag layer. Generally, the molten steel stays in the ladle between 30 and 150 minutes during the period of pouring molten steel, and the thickness of the slag layer reaches 300mm.
Lining construction method and refractory material
Like the ladle for small block products (ladle bricks), it is cast as a whole with castables of various compositions. Ladle brickwork is carried out in spiral and stepped masonry. The lower masonry thickness of a 300t ladle is 200mm, while the upper part is 90mm. In the past, ladle bricks were usually built with clay bricks, and the life of the bricks mainly depends on the conditions of use. The unit consumption of ladle bricks is about 6kg/t when casting open-hearth and converter steel, and about 11kg/t for electric furnace steel, indicating that the life of the lining is related to the type of steel cast.
